Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common genetic variation in human genome. Although the phenotypic meaning of many SNPs remains not fully understood, these variants can alter the production of several proteins, including cytokines. Cytokines are multifunctional mediators highly active in healthy and pathological contexts. Some degree of cytokine deregulation occurs in normal aging and contributes to cognitive and functional decline often observed in elderly people. However, in the context of dementing disorders, a markedly immune response characterized by intense production of cytokines and immune dysfunction enhances the neuronal death, favoring cognitive impairment and autonomy loss. Considering that SNPs in cytokine genes determine a genetic predisposition to changes in the release of these mediators, which is also influenced by ethnicity and environmental factors, here we discuss how the SNPs in cytokine genes may influence outcomes in successful and pathological aging, with focus on dementia.
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