Abstract
Designing biologically active polymeric biomaterials with optimal and controllable properties to mimic living tissue is one of the key factors for successful biomedical engineering. Polymeric hydrogels have gained considerable interest as leading candidates for engineered scaffolding materials because of their unique compositional and structural similarities to the natural extracellular matrix, in addition to the desired framework for cell proliferation and survival. The ability to control the porosity, morphology, and hydrophilicity of hydrogels has created new opportunities to overcome various challenges in biomedical engineering. This review provides an overview of the development of polymeric hydrogel systems based on natural and synthetic polymeric components (alginate, gelatin, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate), as well as inorganic agents (nanographene oxide and nanotitanium dioxide). We have created polymeric hydrogel systems with specific properties. Theirs in vitro biological response, morphology, mechanical properties, porosity, hydrophilicity, swelling, and degradation behavior were examined to establish relevant tissue regeneration patterns.
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