Abstract
Bacterial transformation is an important step in the cloning process and has been employed in several investigations. The technique's concept is to use CaCl2 to make cells competent for the insertion of the plasmid. Plasmids often include the desired gene(s) as well as the selection and/or antibiotic resistance indicators. The transformation technique is physicochemical rather than merely chemical or physical in nature because the cells are manipulated with cations (or a mixture of cations) and temperature imbalances to make them capable of absorbing foreign DNA.
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