Abstract
A variety of conditions can cause diffuse lung disease with calcification (or other material causing high attenuation) or lipid. Categories of etiologies include infection, inflammatory, metabolic, neoplastic, iatrogenic, inhalational exposures, and idiopathic causes. Although these conditions are often first suspected at chest radiography, computed tomography of the thorax is typically used for detailed characterization. Nodules, masses, and consolidation are common findings. The craniocaudal and axial distribution of disease, as well as the presence of any ancillary findings such as septal thickening or cysts, help narrow the differential diagnosis. Appreciation of the imaging characteristics and typical clinical scenarios of patients with diffuse lung disease involving calcification or lipid help the radiologist establish an accurate diagnosis or differential diagnosis.
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