Abstract
The coastal area is the interface between land and sea and includes different landforms occurring in the coast. This is a dynamic area intensively used, where impacts of unsustainable development activities can have significant deleterious consequences. Further, whenever sea level rises, coastal erosion aggravates the situation. The tropical island of Sri Lanka is endowed with diverse and resources-rich coastal area. Mangroves, estuaries, coral reefs, seagrass beds and beaches are the major coastal ecosystem harbouring a wide variety of flora and fauna. This chapter deals with the coastal zones, biodiversity, degradation and sustainable management of the region for ecological stability. The status and role of some of the biodiversity of coastal habitat are reviewed with the case example of Sri Lanka. It is the earnest duty of human beings towards the future generations to utilise current knowledge in the planning of human activities in the coastal zone, so that they will harmonise with nature.
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