Abstract
Acquired aplastic anemia (AA) is a life-threatening bone marrow failure disorder caused by immune-mediated lymphocyte destruction of early hematopoietic cells and characterized by pancytopenia and bone marrow hypoplasia. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical to the proper management of AA. With a better understanding of the pathogenesis of AA and the development of safer, more accessible, and more effective allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant and immunosuppressive therapy regimens, the prognosis of AA has improved dramatically over the past few decades. In this chapter, we will review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of AA, and discuss the recent advances and future directions of the therapeutic strategies of AA.
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