Abstract
This chapter begins with a brief experimental survey of the properties of superconductors. The failure of Ohm’s law in superconductors and the London theory are discussed in detail. The coherence length and its dependence on the electron mean free path have been presented in brief. The thermal properties of superconductors, such as entropy, specific heat, and phase transitions, have been explained with the help of the thermodynamics of solids. The special features of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory are discussed qualitatively. Electron-phonon interactions, Cooper pair formation, and the superconducting energy band gap have been explained physically. The physics behind the Giaever (single electron) tunneling and the Josephson (Cooper pair) tunneling across different junctions have been discussed. At the end of the chapter, the possible physical effects responsible for the increase in transition temperature in high-temperature superconductors was discussed.
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