Abstract
Cellulase enzymes account for a significant shore of the world enzyme market. Trichoderma reesei is the major fungus for industrial cellulase production. Its genome encodes 10 cellulases and 16 hemi-cellulases (Martinez et al., 2008). It produces two exoglucanases (CBH I and CBH II), about eight endoglucanases (EGI–EGVIII), and seven β-glucosidases (BG I–BG VII). Cellulases are inducible enzymes and the regulation of the cellulase production is finely controlled by activation and repression mechanism. The production of cellulolytic enzyme is induced only in presence of the substrate, and is repressed when easily utilizable sugars are available. This happens with the help of fine-tuned cooperation of the transcription factors. The chapter discusses the molecular mechanism of cellulase production system in T. reesei and genetic engineering based approaches for refining the cellulases production in T. reesei.
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