Abstract
The small intestine mediates the uptake of nutrients and provides a first line of defense against enteric pathogens. The organization of the small intestine includes stem and Paneth cells in the crypt and absorptive and secretory epithelial cells lining the villi. The cells along the villi absorb nutrients, secrete hormones, and generate a protective layer by secretion of mucus and host defense peptides (HDPs). Cellular and molecular studies have furthered our understanding of the expression of nutrient transporters, hormones, HDPs, and tight junction proteins. In vitro systems such as intestinal cell cultures and organoids serve as model systems for investigating intestinal cell function and development. Finally, in ovo delivery of biomolecules and manipulation of the intestinal microbiota will enhance our understanding of the interaction between the gut lumen content and intestinal cell growth and development.
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