Chapter 20 - Transport and storage of fluids

Abstract

This chapter describes methods used for storing and transporting fluids within a process, including the design of pumps, compressors and piping systems. Calculation of pressure drop in pipelines and process equipment is reviewed for Newtonian, non-Newtonian and two-phase flows and the principles of operation of gate valves, globe valves, plug valves, ball valves, diaphragm valves, butterfly valves and relief valves are described. Compression of gases is discussed and methods for calculating the work required or produced in isentropic and polytropic compression and expansion of gases are given. Pumping of liquids is described including net positive suction head requirements and factors to consider in selecting pump shaft seals. The design and selection of compressors and pumps should be treated as part of the design of a hydraulic system that also comprises the equipment, piping and associated valves and fittings, and the pump and valve must be designed together to guarantee operability over the desired range of control. Mechanical design of piping under the ASME B31.3 code is introduced and a method is given for selecting the optimal pipe diameter. Sizing of control valves is described.