Abstract
The mechanical behavior of materials is directly related to their microstructure. Materials that undergo severe plastic deformation (SPD), i.e., von Mises strain in excess of 2, result in an ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure with length scales less than a micrometer and in some cases within the 100nm limit to make it nanocrystalline. This chapter discusses severe plastic deformation of metallic materials—the various methods of achieving severe plastic deformation, the phenomena of microstructural refinement, the subsequent mechanical properties, and finally some current applications and industrial products. Severe plastic deformation is achieved by repetitive cyclic plastic deformation processes such that the overall dimensions of the workpiece remain unchanged after each deformation cycle. Some common techniques such as equal channel angular pressing, high-pressure torsion, and multiaxial forging are discussed here. The general process of grain refinement through severe plastic deformation is discussed with thoughts on the role that dynamic recrystallization process plays in grain refinement, which includes continuous, discontinuous, and geometric dynamic recrystallization. It is due to this change in microstructure that the mechanical behavior of these UFG materials becomes interesting. How the refinement of microstructural length scales in materials affect their mechanical properties such as strength, ductility, strain rate sensitivity, fatigue, and superplasticity are discussed. Finally, components produced by SPD and their applications are discussed.
Published Version
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