Abstract
The algae are subjected to various changing environmental factors (i.e., light, temperature, pH, salinity). Algae can be exposed to a different environmental condition that affects growth rate and cellular composition. With respect to the latter, the amount of carbon fixed in lipids and carbohydrates (e.g., starch) is highly influenced by environmental factors and nutrient availability. The synergistic interactions between multiple environmental variables and nutritional factors are required to develop sustainable high productivity. This chapter reviews the effects of environmental factors (i.e., temperature, light, and pH) and their positive and negative impacts on algae, and also the nutrient availability (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace metals) with a special focus on carbon fixation in the environment.
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