Abstract

Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs) are linear chain glycans consisting of repeating uronic sugar and amino sugar copolymers and play major roles in fundamental biological processes. Despite being ubiquitous in cells, the structure of GAGs remains relatively elusive and is challenging to characterize with mass spectrometry. This chapter discusses how Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS) plays a vital role in developing methods for high throughput structural elucidation of GAGs. High mass accuracy measurements of the mass spectrum allow for composition assignment of the intact glycan; tandem mass spectrometry with various ion activation techniques have been used to determine the location of structural microheterogeneities with high specificity. Software analysis packages for GAGs have also been developed recently, allowing for the option of high-throughput analysis without the need for any user supervision. New and promising developments in FTMS have significantly improved structural characterization possibilities in the field of glycomics.

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