Abstract
This chapter describes filter frequency and time domain responses for a number of filter response types and filter orders. This information on the frequency and time domain responses is of use for all filter designs, whether passive, active, or digital. Normalized frequency response graphs are used, with the passband edge usually being at a frequency of 1 rad/s. The frequency domain is described in terms of attenuation relative to this normalized frequency. Hence, the attenuation at 10 times the cutoff frequency is the value given on the graph, where the curve crosses the frequency axis at 10 rad/s. On the frequency response graphs, there is one curve for each filter order. Thus, 10 curves allow the relative performance of different filter orders to be compared. Higher filter orders give greater stopband attenuation but require more components. Tables of normalized component values are provided for analog passive lowpass filters. Formulae used to derive many of these component values are also enlisted.
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