Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of analog active filter design. Active filters can be designed from a set of numbers known as the pole and zero locations. Poles and zeroes are located on a two-dimensional plane, known as the S-plane. In the S-plane, one axis is real and is related to signal decay. The other axis is imaginary and is related to frequency. Their locations are obtained from a filter's transfer function. Typical pole and zero location patterns are illustrated, giving an idea of how a filter will behave if it has a certain pole-zero pattern or a certain transfer function. Tables of pole and zero locations are given and can be used in formulae to find resistor and capacitor values. These normalized lowpass pole and zero values can be used to design lowpass, highpass, bandpass, or bandstop filters. Scaling either the poles and zeroes, or the component values obtained from them, allows the frequency response to be changed from the normalized 1 rad/s cutoff frequency. Pole and zero placing include natural and 3dB attenuation limited passbands. Tables of pole and zero values are produced by these formulae.
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