Abstract

Cancer cells within tumors differ in phenotype, genetic and epigenetic modifications and functions. In an increasing number of tumors, a proliferative hierarchy has been defined where a subpopulation of cells possesses self-renewal potential, similar to the somatic stem cells of the organ from which they arise. The so called “cancer stem cell's (CSCs)” unique ability to perpetually maintain tumor growth is, in part, due to a complex balance of high expression of self-renewal genes and low expression of differentiation genes. State-of-the-art strategies based on single-cell analysis to identify novel self-renewing genes as well as assays to test their long-term proliferation potential are in development due to the promise of revealing novel therapeutic drugs that will specifically target the self-renewal properties of CSCs.

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