Chapter 2 - Network Topologies, Architectures, and the OSI Model

Abstract

This chapter presents several fundamental networking concepts. It provides an overview of network topologies, giving examples of the two most general designs on which most topologies are based: point-to-point and broadcast. A network topology is the basic design of a computer network. It is very much like a road map that details the interconnection among key network components such as nodes and links. A network's topology is also comparable to the blueprints of a new home, in which components such as the electrical system, heating and air conditioning system, and plumbing are integrated into the overall design. The concept of network architecture and the idea of “layering” are also discussed, along with the illustration of Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) networking model as an example of layered architecture. The chapter concludes with an introduction to Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and shows its relation to the OSI model.