Abstract
The use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy method to the use of pulse sequences allows for easier interpretation as a result of two-dimensional techniques. Both homonuclear and heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) procedures are used in structure determination of carbocyclic aromatic compounds. This chapter reviews the methods for the generation and study of arenium ions in solution. The formation of benzene derivatives with built-in functionality is discussed and the reactions are presented with structure diagrams. The chapter describes benzo- small ring compounds, which include benzocyclopropenes and benzocyclobutenes. The metalation of arenes and arylation reactions using aryl metallic compounds is also explained. Electrophilic addition-with-elimination reactions are provided with illustrations. The general principles, catalysts, reactions involving mixed anhydrides, and other catalyst systems for acylation reactions (reactions using stoichiometric catalysts, intramolecular acylation reactions, and metal catalysed ketones syntheses) are discussed. Finally, the group (VI) electrophiles are outlined.
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