Abstract
Neural interfaces provide the essential link between electronic systems designed for electrical stimulation, electrical recording, or neurochemical detection to the particular region of the nervous system to which the system is designed. Implantable neural interfaces have been designed for both the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. This chapter reviews the most common methods currently in use for the actual biotic/abiotic interface including microwire arrays, electrocorticogram electrode arrays (both macrogrids and microgrids), Si-based cortical probes, and polymer-based interfaces. This chapter also examines emerging approaches that include nanocomposite polymers, devices that integrate process-incompatible materials, and substrates made from dissolvable polymers. This chapter emphasizes the materials used to construct the various types of neural interfaces and details the strengths and weaknesses of each material. This chapter closes with a brief discussion on probe technologies that include optical capabilities to support optogenetic functions.
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