Abstract
This chapter identifies the importance of knowledge generation processes and the role they play in the institutions generating science, mainly universities and research institutes. It also defines the main concepts related to scientific research and knowledge generation: scientific productivity, scientific production, academic production, scientific communication, and scientific dissemination. The meanings of such concepts are clarified, since an indiscriminate disparity is often observed regarding their use in the specialized literature, as each concept has its own implications. These concepts are classified given their importance in the measurement of knowledge and science, and the various types of valid scientific products resulting from knowledge generation are defined.
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