Abstract
This chapter discusses color spaces in videos. A color space is a mathematical representation of a set of colors. The three most popular color models are RGB (used in computer graphics); YIQ, YUV, or YcbCr (used in video systems); and CMYK (used in color printing). All of the color spaces can be derived from the RGB information supplied by devices such as cameras and scanners. The RGB color space is widely used for computer graphics and displays. Red, green, and blue are three primary additive colors (meaning that individual components are added together to form a desired color) and are represented by a three-dimensional, Cartesian coordinate system. The YUV color space is used by the PAL (Phase Alternation Line), NTSC (National Television System Committee), and SECAM (Sequentiel Couleur Avec Mémoire or Sequential Color with Memory) composite color video standards. The YIQ color space is derived from the YUV color space and is optionally used by the NTSC composite color video standard. The YCbCr color space was developed as part of ITU-R BT.601 during the development of a worldwide digital component video standard. The HSI (hue, saturation, intensity) and HSV (hue, saturation, value) color spaces were developed to be more “intuitive” in manipulating color and were designed to approximate the way humans perceive and interpret color.
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