Abstract
Algae, identified as a heterogeneous group of microorganisms, range from the microscopic blue-green algae (gram-negative bacteria) to large, complex seaweeds, measuring up to a few meters. Based on growth size, algae are classified into two different categories, namely micro- and macroalgae. Small aquatic photosynthetic plants that require the aid of a microscope to be seen are classified as microalgae. This chapter presents the diversity of microalgae with its biogeography and terrestrial details. Lipid, protein, and carbohydrate storage mechanisms of microalgae are discussed, along with possibilities of genetic engineering for enhancing these capabilities and photosynthesis. The potential for using microalgae for the production of pharmaceutical, food, and fuel products is also covered, including the scope and limitations of commercialization.
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