Abstract

Plants are constantly exposed to biotic stress in their natural surroundings. A wide variety of pathogens, viz. bacteria, fungi, and viruses repeatedly attack plants, which leads decline in their ability to survive. Plants are the primary source of energy for most of the creatures on the earth and have developed different types of defense mechanisms that are triggered in response to pathogen attacks. Plants have evolved molecular mechanisms for detecting infections as well as activating disease resistance. Phytohormones are chemicals that act in a complex network to govern many aspects of plant development and reproduction and their response to abiotic stress. Recent studies have been developed in studying the molecular mechanisms of hormonal networking. Major progress has been accomplished in recognizing the chief components as well understanding defense hormones, viz. salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, and ethylene. Other hormones, viz. abscisic acid, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, and brassinosteroids, are also linked with plant defense signaling pathways. However, very less is known about their functions. This chapter encompasses the latest developments in understanding the function and regulation of these hormones, molecular mechanisms, and their synergistic and antagonistic interactions against various disease-causing pathogens.

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