Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the gas migration path. Faults and fractures form channels that allow large volumes of gas to migrate. Natural fractures in rocks are the result of: tectonic movements, digenetic processes, seismic activity, and deformations caused by compaction of reservoir rocks due to fluid withdrawal and subsequent subsidence of overlying formations. The most important paths or channels for gas migration are fault zones because they constitute wider and longer continuous conduits through the rock layers. Many existing faults consist of a zone of fractured and broken material rather than a clean simple break in the geologic structure. Zones of fracturing are often associated with geologic structures where beds are intensely folded. Acidizing is a common practice in revitalizing the production of the oil wells. A fractured zone may be formed or enhanced, by nonuniform compaction of sediments. Fluids (liquids and gases) flow from a location of higher pressure to a location of lower pressure. The petroleum industry classifies oil on the basis of specific weight and º API gravity. Oil/water and gas column is also discussed in this chapter.
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