Abstract
Water holds a very crucial position in sustaining life on earth. Several manufacturing processes of numerous industrial sectors rely on water. However, the effluent discharging practice from industries is a worrying concern that necessitates prompt attention owing to the adverse consequences of the emanating contaminants on living organisms. Cosmetics, textile, paper, leather, farming study, photoelectron chemical cells, medicinal mining industries, fertilizers, metal plating and fabrication, and nutrition manufacturing yield an enormous volume of wastewater. The wastewater from these industries contains persistent organic and inorganic pollutants, such as surfactants, chlorine complexes, salts, dyeing constituents, phosphates, toxic cations, dissolved solids, and suspended solids. One of the most critical environmental challenges of this era is the serious hazardous issues resulting from the tenacious contaminations present in the water outflow. Several natural polymeric materials were synthesized or chemically modified for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions. Naturally occurring biopolymers exhibited excellent sorption abilities for organic and inorganic contaminants. Natural materials such as chitosan, cellulose, chitin, alginate, carrageen, lignin, some proteins, pectin, and some microbial biomass products are classified as low-cost sorbents because of their low initial cost and local availability. Naturally occurring biopolymers emerged as interesting sorbents with a huge potential in replacing conventional technologies and other materials of biological origins that have been intensively used to remove pollutants from wastewater and industrial effluents. Biopolymers are industrially attractive because they possess the capability of lowering pollutants concentration to the permissible limits. The mechanism of sorption is mostly determined using different sorption isotherms. The rate of sorption is determined by the application of certain kinetics models. In this book chapter, we elaborated on the performance of biopolymer-based sorbents for the sorption of pollutants from the aqueous system.
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