Abstract
The production of renewable and sustainable biofuels is of long-term importance for both scientific and political necessities. The reliance of fossil fuels has increased the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and geographically separated the production of fuel from its ultimate use. Meanwhile, due to their rapid growth and genetic flexibility, microalgae are under increasing scrutiny as potential feedstocks for the sustainable production of biofuels and other value-added biochemicals. Owing to economic hurdles as well as market pull for green chemicals, it is expected that integrated biorefineries producing biofuels as well as high-value phycochemicals will be the future commercial template. This chapter explores novel biosynthetic pathways and the potential of several high-value platform chemicals already under evaluation as well as current practices and several of the tools available for their production.
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