Chapter 17 - Unveiling the potential activities of myriad carbonaceous nanomaterials in scaling and fabrication of miniaturized, sensitive, and economical medical diagnostic kits

Abstract

The applications of nanomaterials have attracted the attention of many scientists. Various nanomaterials are found to be suitable for different fields, such as those used as bacteriostatic agents, biological fertilizers, or to remove substances in industrial wastewater. In recent years, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer have been rampant, and rapid and accurate diagnosis, by taking advantage of the characteristics of nanomaterials as the concept of nanomedicine, will be one of the important issues. Carbon nanomaterials have been efficiently used to remove water pollutants through adsorption, autoclave, and photocatalysis. To make use of the physicochemical properties such as bonding, as well as a high proportion of surface area and high electrical conductivity and chemical stability, carbon nanomaterials can be utilized to transport drugs in vivo and develop the integrated biosensor to detect the signal and generate a fluorescent response for rapid medical diagnostics. The fabrication of the miniatured, sensitive, and economical diagnostic kits by using different carbon nanomaterials, including fullerene, graphene, graphene-based nanomaterials, carbon nanotube, nanodiamonds, and carbon quantum dots, for the detection of pathogens, diseases, and cells was covered to face the challenges to global public health assessment.