Abstract
Nickel (Ni) is an essential micronutrient which occupies a decisive position because of its essential and toxic roles in the plant. Nickel plays vital functions in the various metabolic processes of the plant. It also regulates the activity of various enzymes involved in the assimilation and utilization of nitrogen (N) metabolism and facilitates legume–rhizobium symbiosis, which contributes to fixing about at least 70 million tons of N per year in the case of leguminous plants. Low concentration of Ni has an imperative role in legume–rhizobium association by enhancing nodulation rate and efficiency, which is highly compromised under water, temperature, and nutrient stresses. However, Ni at higher concentration exhibits detrimental effects on rhizobia growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nod gene expression, and phenyl ammonium lyase activity. Furthermore, Ni at the molecular level controls hup expression facilitating its uptake, modulates nitrogen metabolism and reactive oxygen species generation, synthesis of osmoprotectants, activation of stress tolerance pathways, and maintenance of intracellular pH and ionic balance in plant cells through its cross-talk with other metal ions, particularly Fe homeostasis. This chapter deals with the contemplation of Ni potential in enhancing legume–rhizobium symbiosis, regulation of nitrogen metabolism, and maintaining the physiological and molecular functions in leguminous plants under critical conditions.
Published Version
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