Abstract
Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) act as epigenetic modifiers to strongly regulate gene expression. Increasing evidence support the hypothesis that aberrant expression of ncRNAs, mainly microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs, may modify gene expression and trigger complicated immune disorders. Abnormal ncRNA expression has been shown to be associated with several autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. The function of ncRNAs could be efficiently and specifically modified by inhibition or replacement strategies, thus revealing their potential as novel targets for disease therapeutics. The remarkable progress in chemical modifications and delivery strategies has led to a series of ncRNA-targeted therapeutics being used in clinical trials. The biological function and clinical significance of ncRNAs should be further elaborated to facilitate therapeutic development.
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