Chapter 17 - Microalgae biotechnology: Emerging biomedical applications

Abstract

Microalgae (microscopic algae) are mainly photosynthetic microorganisms similar to plants. It is an organism high in antioxidants and has a diverse range of species capable of producing unique compounds. In the last decade, research and the application of microalgae have increased tremendously, with several algal-associated companies. However, due to insufficient information, extensive use of microalgae is yet to materialize, and the immense benefits and advantages of microalgae are yet to be exploited. Microalgae contain valuable compounds such as polysaccharides, lipids, pigments, antioxidants, minerals, and vitamins. They have the potential to be the best food supplement compared to other sources. Past research on microalgae provides the platform for further microalgal studies and the expansion of their applications. The latest genetic engineering techniques allow optimum microalgal potential, including their nutritional compounds to the growth technique. Researchers worldwide have worked extensively on the applications of microalgae in medicine and biotechnology, including algal mass cultivation systems. These include current microalgal applications in medicine (production of bioactive compounds and drugs) and biotechnology (cultivation systems, generation of biofuels, biostimulators, and food additives).The production of biologically active substances has been the focus of many applied algae studies. These microalgal biologically active compounds have been used to treat skin problems (inflammation, wounds, burns, eczema, or lupus) and gynecological diseases. Interestingly, microalgal biostimulators are also one of the main active additives in toothpaste, hair, and skin lotions. In conclusion, various studies and applications of microalgae as an alternative solution are available. The potential biomedical applications of microalgae and their economic contribution and industrial trends are discussed in this book chapter.