Abstract
Water resources are extremely important for the existence of life. Several human activities, like the use of with excessive synthetic fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture, open defecation, discharge of sewage and industrial effluent without proper treatment, and dumping solid wastes in inappropriate places, etc., are leading to the contamination of most of the Earth’s water resources. As a result, ecological functions and structures are disrupted and ecological services are hampered. To restore the aquatic ecosystems several conventional and eco-friendly techniques can be used. Conventional techniques have limitations. In contrast, eco-friendly techniques like phytoremediation by aquatic macrophytes and algae have proven to be very effective in removing contaminants and restoring aquatic bodies. This chapter deals with all these aspects.
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