Abstract
Uranium-contaminated sites are a worrying environmental issue around the world. Accordingly, several programs for the environmental remediation and rehabilitation of U-contaminated sites have been developed worldwide, in order to prevent its dispersion in the environment. This chapter highlights the U concentrations in water–soil–plant matrices and the efficiency of a heterogeneous set of native terrestrial and aquatic plant species in controlling the environmental U contamination in selected case studies. The uptake of U by plants, combined with other removal processes naturally occurring in ecosystems, constitute a form of natural attenuation of contamination. For example, from the case studies presented in this chapter, the high U accumulation patterns of some aquatic plant species, or a consistent preferential trend of U accumulation in the roots/rhizomes of terrestrial plants, confirm their potential for the phytofiltration of U-contaminated waters or for the phytostabilization of U in the soil/sediment rhizosphere, respectively.
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