Abstract
In order to replace or at least reduce the use of petroleum-based polymers, researchers have been encouraged to develop new biomaterials that explore the emerging concept of sustainable development. Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from chitin, which is widely distributed in nature and is the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose. Chitosan offers immense advantages as an edible packaging material owing to its good film-forming properties and low toxicity; it can also be an excellent vehicle for incorporating a wide variety of additives. In addition, chitosan has antimicrobial activity and can be added to packaging to improve the postharvest life of fresh foods. However, the inherent shortcomings of natural polymer-based packaging materials, such as low mechanical properties and low water resistance, cause major limitations in their industrial use. The recent advent of nanocomposite technology has raised renewed interest in the use of natural biopolymers in food-packaging applications. This chapter deals with general information on chitosan, its use in food packaging, different methods of chitosan nanoparticle and nanocomposite preparation, and perspectives for use.
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