Chapter 5 - Novel nanocomposite-based controlled-release fertilizer and pesticide formulations: Prospects and challenges

Abstract

Nanocomposites are multiphase, hybrid solid materials with a high aspect ratio and a high surface-area-to-volume ratio that are nanoscale reinforcing components incorporated in a continuous phase matrix. They have gained recent interest for the development of nano-based agri-products. Escalated research and development experiments for the synthesis of nanoscale nutrient fertilizers and pesticides have now been steered toward a generation of nanocomposite formulations, as these products exhibit greater efficacy at lower working concentrations, are more environmentally prudent, and are amenable to experimentation even under field conditions. These formulations are anticipated to provide the long-desired goal of improving the efficiency of nutrient fertilizers and the targeted action of pesticides upon application. The nanocomposites for pesticide action will also decrease the development of pest resistance, the effect of nontarget organisms, and the problem of alarming pesticide residue content in agricultural commodities. This manuscript aims to describe the potential impact of nanocomposites of fertilizers and pesticides for improving use efficiency and thus reducing environment-deterring effects to achieve sustainable agricultural productivity.