Abstract
Inadequate clinical outcomes for multiple disorders have driven the thrust for rapid emergence of nanotherapeutics. Advanced drug delivery has arisen to be an important aspect in the field of therapeutics. A targeted drug delivery system transports the drug to the appropriate site of action hence, minimizing its adverse side effects on other vital tissues. Cell-specific targeting can be achieved by coupling drugs to specially framed carriers. Nanoparticles, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanosuspensions, nanoliposomes, micelles, polymeric nanoparticles, magnetic nanoparticles, dendrimers, carbon nanotubes and fullerenes have been established as carriers in drug delivery systems. Through this chapter we have summarized various types of nanocarriers and briefly discussed their clinical relevance in different disease states including cancer, autoimmune diseases, cardiac diseases, ocular drug delivery and vaccines. This chapter highlights the implications of nanotherapeutics in neurological disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the development of new drugs for the central nervous system, the most important limiting factor is the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Essentially the majority of large-molecule pharmaceuticals, including peptides, recombinant proteins, monoclonal antibodies, RNA interference (RNAi)-based drugs, and gene therapies do not cross the BBB. Nanoparticle formulations have been found effective in crossing the BBB henceforth, nanoparticles are considered one of the most propitious and versatile drug delivery systems for unreachable regions like the brain.
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