Abstract
Molecular genetic mechanisms underlying initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PC), are not well defined due to high tumor heterogeneity, and lack of suitable biomarkers. Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men worldwide, partly due to nonavailability of individualized treatment strategies, for want of specific diagnostic and prognostic markers. Recently developed high-throughput technologies, like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based whole-genome sequencing, exome sequencing, and transcriptome profiling, can now be used to unravel genetic variations (single-nucleotide polymorphisms and microsatellite instability), and epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation and histone modifications). Moreover, metabolome screening using liquid or gas chomatography in tandem with mass spectrometry, facilitates the detailing of changes in the status of metabolites present in the given tissue or organ. New biomarkers can thus be identified, to assist in designing and monitoring personalized medicine regimens.
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