Abstract
Nowadays a large number of synthetic dyes are finding their applications in various fields such as textile, food, leather tanning, and pharmaceutical for various purposes. But their use in textile field is of a major concern regarding environmental contamination as the unused/unfixed dyes after various textile operations are going directly as a waste in main water streams. The unfixed dyes are an alarming threat for global environment. Various physical and chemical methods could be applied to reduce the toxic effects of these synthetic dyes present in textile wastewater. But these methods are either costly or may generate secondary pollutants when they are applied for the removal of hazardous dyes. However, biological approaches are cheaper and more effective means to remove hazardous dyes in an environment-friendly manner. In this chapter, a comprehensive overview about various physical and chemical methods will be given pointing out their merits and demerits. A detailed description of various biological approaches for decontamination of synthetic dyes will be covered and their positive economic and environmental aspects will also be highlighted.
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