Abstract
Various processes leading to inorganic scaling and formation damage are discussed. Special attention is given to formation damage caused by the adverse reactions encountered during acid stimulation, brine incompatibility in seawater injection for water flooding, precipitation caused by carbon dioxide (CO2) and light hydrocarbon gases near wellbore, and sulfur deposition. The alterations of thermodynamic and chemical balances in favor of precipitation, precipitate aggregation, crystal growth, and inorganic scale formation are discussed and mathematically formulated. The rate processes governing the cation exchange, adsorption/desorption, and dissolution/precipitation reactions are formulated. The criteria for precipitate forming conditions are derived. Typical applications to above mentioned inorganic precipitation and scale formation processes are presented.
Published Version
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