Abstract
The development and use of nanodiamonds in the life sciences have a relatively short history compared to their applications in industry and engineering. No significant progress in the field was made until the early 21st century when fluorescent nanodiamonds, which contain a high-density ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers, and monodispersed detonation nanodiamonds, which are tens of nanometer in diameter, were synthesized and produced in a large scale. These particles are useful as biolabeling agents and drug delivery devices, respectively, thanks to the excellent biocompatibility and unique physicochemical properties of the carbon-based nanomaterials. This chapter discusses key developments in the technologies and illustrates some salient features of their applications in biology and nanoscale medicine.
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