Abstract
Plants conserve various epigenome regulation mechanisms, including DNA methylation at cytosine and adenine residues, histone modifications, and RNA interference. The epigenetic regulation of genes is essential for plant development and reproduction. In addition, because of their sessile nature, plants utilize epigenome regulation to respond to biotic and abiotic stresses in the environment. The epigenetic memory of environmental signals can be transmitted through mitosis and sometimes to progeny. Epigenetic silencing of transposable elements often affects the transcriptional activities of associated genes, resulting in the induction of phenotypic diversity in plant populations and adaptation to natural environments. The exploitation of various chromatin analysis methods allows for understanding epigenome dynamics in plant cells at higher resolutions. This chapter summarizes the basic epigenome regulation mechanisms in plants and recent findings in related fields in plant epigenomics research.
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