Abstract
Development of efficient, sustainable, and cost-effective processes for the production of hydrogen from renewable resources is one of the major scientific and technological challenges of the twenty-first century. This chapter discusses the potential use of semiconductor-mediated photocatalytic processes for the production of hydrogen, focusing on photocatalytic splitting of water and photo-reforming of biomass-derived components and derivatives. The theory and background necessary to understand semiconductor photocatalysis is first presented together with the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects that determine photocatalytic performance. Various types of proposed photocatalysts are then briefly presented along with issues related to quantum efficiency, response to visible light, photochemical stability, and methods of improving photocatalytic performance. Production of hydrogen by photocatalytic processes is subsequently discussed, focusing on the effects of operating conditions and photocatalyst characteristics on kinetics and reaction mechanisms.
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