Abstract
Scientific progress in the field of nanomaterials increased their utilization in diagnostic and therapeutic management of inflammatory and autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) diseases. The present review focuses on the utilization of nanomaterials in novel imaging techniques of CNS inflammation, mostly conducted by iron oxide particles and therapeutic nanomaterials, that cross the blood–brain barrier and reach specific inflammation sites in the CNS. As multiple sclerosis is the prototypical and most common autoimmune disease of CNS, a special emphasis, in this chapter, has been given to its animal model “experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.” Furthermore, application of nanotechnology in nonautoimmune neuroinflammation and inflammatory adverse effects of nanoparticles are reviewed as well.
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