Abstract
Breast cancer is a complex disease involving both genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, our knowledge of epigenetic alterations of breast cancer and different subtypes of breast cancer remains limited. In this chapter, we summarized the current understanding of epigenetic alterations in breast cancer and its different subtypes. Specifically, we focused on DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNA regulation in breast cancer. Widespread subtype-specific epigenetic alterations were observed in breast cancer, and these epigenetic alterations regulated corresponding gene/miRNA/lncRNA expression in a synergetic way in breast cancer. Functional enrichment analysis highlighted that epigenetically dysregulated genes/miRNAs/lncRNAs were significantly involved in the hallmarks of cancers, most of which were subtype specific. The identified epigenetic alterations in breast cancer present the aberrant epigenetic patterns of gene and noncoding RNAs at a genome-wide level, which will be a highly valuable resource for investigations in understanding epigenetic regulation of breast cancer.
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