Abstract
The development of cancer immunotherapies has been a clinical exercise spanning nearly two decades with only one success to date, Dendreon’s Provenge® approval for prostate cancer. Although the path has been long, clinical challenges have been defined and resolutions have been proposed. This chapter aims to provide an understanding of cancer antigens, vaccine immune potentiators, and vaccine adjuvant systems currently under clinical development; new paradigms in clinical development; and biomarker discovery for vaccine development. Future trends in therapeutic vaccine strategies including the development of novel adjuvant systems, the utilization of oncolytic viruses as a means to “self-vaccinate,” and advances and hurdles of future prophylactic vaccines strategies are also described and assessed.
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