Chapter 12 - Prime-Boost Vaccination: Impact on the HIV-1 Vaccine Field

Abstract

An HIV vaccine is urgently needed but is likely to require vaccination strategies that induce broad, robust, and high-quality immune responses. Prime-boost vaccine strategies for HIV-1 vaccines have been widely studied in both primate models and humans. The first partially successful HIV-1 vaccine in humans utilized a recombinant canarypox virus expressing HIV antigens as a priming vaccine and a recombinant HIV envelope protein as a booster vaccine, induced high-level antibody responses that correlated with 31% protection from infection. Several other prime-boost approaches have also induced robust CD8 T-cell immunity to HIV-1, thus there is growing hope that combination vaccine strategies that can induce broader and longer-lived systemic and mucosal immunity will yield an HIV-1 vaccine with improved efficacy. This chapter reviews prime-boost HIV vaccine approaches aimed at preventing HIV-1 infection.