Abstract
Conventional flocculants can generate toxic residues and secondary pollutants. These generally comprise synthetic organic flocculants. They aim in clumping unwanted particles, thus promotes wastewater treatment. Due to the drawback of organic synthetic flocculants, much research is focused on developing a nontoxic and biodegradable flocculants that are microbial extracellular polymers in nature. Thus, it promotes green and eco-friendly process and renewable process. They have a storehouse for carbohydrates and lipids in their cell walls, which makes it prominent in various applications such as wastewater treatment, biofuels production and CO2 sequestration, dairy and food industry. This chapter focuses on the challenges induced by synthetic flocculants and the solution laid by bioflocculants. It proceeds further with immobilization techniques utilized in low-cost commercialization of flocculants as well as strategies involved in large-scale production of bioflocculants.
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