Abstract
The textile, printing, tanning, pharmaceutical, and food industries are the main sources of dye-containing wastewater and disposal of industrial effluent and organic contaminants without any treatment polluting the environment. Synthetic dyes have found wide application in manufacturing industries because of their easy accessibility at low price, stability, and availability of different colors compared to natural dye. The deterioration of water quality due to the presence of synthetic dyes and other contaminants poses a serious threat to ecosystem and human health. Biochar, a low-cost carbonaceous material, is emerging as an economical substitute to the activated carbon for the removal of various organic contaminants such as agrochemicals, antibiotics, polychlorinated biphenyls, and aromatic dyes. Biochar can be obtained from the thermochemical conversion of waste biomass in an oxygen-limited condition. Biochar has several unique properties such as large surface area, high porosity, the presence of functional groups and charges on the surface of biochar, which make it an efficient, cost-effective and eco-friendly material for the removal of contaminants. The present chapter highlights the role of biochar in different environmental applications such as recycling of agricultural waste, soil fertility improvement, carbon sequestration, pollution remediation, wastewater treatment, etc.
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