Abstract
Biobutanol is often considered as a possible alternative to ethanol, as a renewable biomass-based fuel, but there are multiple hindrances for a successful commercialization of biobutanol as a transportation fuel. Recalcitrant nature of the lignocellulose, sensitivity of the fermenting microbes to end products, low concentrations of butanol attained through fermentation, energy, and cost-intensive downstream processing are the major challenges. Researchers are focusing on overcoming the challenges by looking for alternative feedstock, developing new solutions to improve the efficiency of pretreatment, biocatalysis, and product separation. Techno-economic and environmental assessments of the process determine the commercial viability and environmental benefits of the process. This chapter details and discusses the recent findings and advancements in acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation and the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biobutanol.
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