Abstract
In biosensor analysis, photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensors have emerged as the rising star because they have a significant potential to develop diverse biosensors with high sensitivity and selectivity at cheap cost. In the realm of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, semiconductor materials with intrinsically high bandgaps have long been recognized as having limitations. The visible light response of functionalized nanocomposites may be enlarged by including metal-carbon nanomaterials, nanoparticles, and even organic molecules in semiconductor materials. With regard to PEC biosensor sensitivity and safety problems, this chapter focuses on three aspects: the design of the biosensor, the photoactive material, and the reaction of the PEC biosensor. PEC biosensors play a critical role in bioanalysis because of the importance of their design and performance. As a result, it is necessary to anticipate the future development of new types of PEC biosensors with efficient, nontoxic photomaterials.
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