Abstract
Pure drinking water (potable water) is absolutely essential for our survival. More than 1 billion people in the world have limited access to safe drinking water. Furthermore, nearly 2.6 billion people have issues relating to poor sanitation that results in inferior water quality. Over 1 million people die every year from sicknesses communicated through use of unsafe water. Drinking-water pollution is caused by the careless disposal of pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, pesticides, and a large variety of other chemicals. This results in contamination of our drinking-water sources with heavy metals, radionuclides, pesticides, plastics, organic nutrients, inorganic pollutants, pharmaceuticals, etc. Polluted drinking water is a major cause for a variety of different diseases in human beings. To solve these critical issues, it is necessary to purify contaminated water. Nanomaterials and nanotechnology can play an important role in water purification. Discussed in the chapter are drinking-water regulations, limitations of conventional water purification methods, nanotechnology-based water purification methods and their applications for purification of water containing arsenic, lead, pharmaceuticals, or perfluoroalkyl substances.
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